Eki's blog
Eki
2021-05-10
目录

protocol

# 网络协议相关

# 工具

Wireshark

# HTTP

  • Header
Header 解释 示例
Accept 指定客户端能够接收的内容类型 Accept: text/plain, text/html,application/json
Accept-Charset 浏览器可以接受的字符编码集。 Accept-Charset: iso-8859-5
Accept-Encoding 指定浏览器可以支持的web服务器返回内容压缩编码类型。 Accept-Encoding: compress, gzip
Accept-Language 浏览器可接受的语言 Accept-Language: en,zh
Accept-Ranges 可以请求网页实体的一个或者多个子范围字段 Accept-Ranges: bytes
Authorization HTTP授权的授权证书 Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
Cache-Control 指定请求和响应遵循的缓存机制 Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection 表示是否需要持久连接。（HTTP 1.1默认进行持久连接） Connection: close
Cookie HTTP请求发送时，会把保存在该请求域名下的所有cookie值一起发送给web服务器。 Cookie: $Version=1; Skin=new;
Content-Length 请求的内容长度 Content-Length: 348
Content-Type 请求的与实体对应的MIME信息 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Date 请求发送的日期和时间 Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2010 08:12:31 GMT
Expect 请求的特定的服务器行为 Expect: 100-continue
From 发出请求的用户的Email From: [email protected]
Host 指定请求的服务器的域名和端口号 Host: www.zcmhi.com
If-Match 只有请求内容与实体相匹配才有效 If-Match: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”
If-Modified-Since 如果请求的部分在指定时间之后被修改则请求成功，未被修改则返回304代码 If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 2010 19:43:31 GMT
If-None-Match 如果内容未改变返回304代码，参数为服务器先前发送的Etag，与服务器回应的Etag比较判断是否改变 If-None-Match: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”
If-Range 如果实体未改变，服务器发送客户端丢失的部分，否则发送整个实体。参数也为Etag If-Range: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”
If-Unmodified-Since 只在实体在指定时间之后未被修改才请求成功 If-Unmodified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 2010 19:43:31 GMT
Max-Forwards 限制信息通过代理和网关传送的时间 Max-Forwards: 10
Pragma 用来包含实现特定的指令 Pragma: no-cache
Proxy-Authorization 连接到代理的授权证书 Proxy-Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
Range 只请求实体的一部分，指定范围 Range: bytes=500-999
Referer 先前网页的地址，当前请求网页紧随其后,即来路 Referer: http://www.zcmhi.com/archives…
TE 客户端愿意接受的传输编码，并通知服务器接受接受尾加头信息 TE: trailers,deflate;q=0.5
Upgrade 向服务器指定某种传输协议以便服务器进行转换（如果支持） Upgrade: HTTP/2.0, SHTTP/1.3, IRC/6.9, RTA/x11
User-Agent User-Agent的内容包含发出请求的用户信息 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; X11)
Via 通知中间网关或代理服务器地址，通信协议 Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 nowhere.com (Apache/1.1)
Warning 关于消息实体的警告信息 Warn: 199 Miscellaneous warning
X-REAL-IP
Client-IP

一个基本的请求TCP报文

GET /?test=123 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Accept: */*
Host: xxx.com
Connection: close
1
2
3
4
5

# HTTP 走私

https://mengsec.com/2019/10/10/http-request-smugging/

# FTP

基于tcp,发送的也是tcp包，可以利用他作为ssrf的跳板

USER xxx #用户名
PASS xxx #密码
CWD xxx #切换文件夹
TYPE I # 按二进制传输
PORT 127,0,0,1,0,1 #主动模式 连接IP + 端口：0*256+1
PASV 127,0,0,1,0,1 #主动模式 被动模式连接IP + 端口：0*256+1
RETR xxx #发送本地文件到目的地址
STOR xxx #接收目标文件到本地地址
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# FTP Listen
import socket

HOST = '0.0.0.0'
PORT = 20000
blocksize = 4096
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
    s.bind((HOST, PORT))
    s.listen()
    conn, addr = s.accept()
    with conn:
        while 1:
            data = conn.recv(blocksize)
            print(data)
            if not data:
                break
    print('end.')
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
#FTP Send
import socket

HOST = '0.0.0.0'  
PORT = 20000        
blocksize = 4096
fp = open('test2.bin', 'rb')
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
    s.bind((HOST, PORT))
    print('start listen...')
    s.listen()
    conn, addr = s.accept()
    with conn:
        while 1:
            buf = fp.read(blocksize)
            if not buf:
                fp.close()
                break
            conn.sendall(buf)
    print('end.')
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

通过pyftplibd库可以实现一个简单的ftp服务器

from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler
from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer


authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()

authorizer.add_user("admin", "admin888", ".",perm="elrafmwMT")
authorizer.add_anonymous(".")

handler = FTPHandler
handler.permit_foreign_addresses = True
handler.passive_ports = range(2000, 2030)
handler.authorizer = authorizer

server = FTPServer(("0.0.0.0", 8899), handler)
server.serve_forever()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

# Gopher

tcp协议，经典ssrf跳板协议

  • 格式

    gopher://127.0.0.1:70/_ + TCP/IP数据(URLENCODE)
    1

    _可以是任意字符，作为连接符占位

    一个示例

    
GET /?test=123 HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:2222
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
DNT: 1
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7
Connection: close
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14

    编码后

    %47%45%54%20%2f%3f%74%65%73%74%3d%31%32%33%20%48%54%54%50%2f%31%2e%31%0d%0a%48%6f%73%74%3a%20%31%32%37%2e%30%2e%30%2e%31%3a%32%32%32%32%0d%0a%50%72%61%67%6d%61%3a%20%6e%6f%2d%63%61%63%68%65%0d%0a%43%61%63%68%65%2d%43%6f%6e%74%72%6f%6c%3a%20%6e%6f%2d%63%61%63%68%65%0d%0a%44%4e%54%3a%20%31%0d%0a%55%70%67%72%61%64%65%2d%49%6e%73%65%63%75%72%65%2d%52%65%71%75%65%73%74%73%3a%20%31%0d%0a%55%73%65%72%2d%41%67%65%6e%74%3a%20%4d%6f%7a%69%6c%6c%61%2f%35%2e%30%20%28%57%69%6e%64%6f%77%73%20%4e%54%20%31%30%2e%30%3b%20%57%69%6e%36%34%3b%20%78%36%34%29%20%41%70%70%6c%65%57%65%62%4b%69%74%2f%35%33%37%2e%33%36%20%28%4b%48%54%4d%4c%2c%20%6c%69%6b%65%20%47%65%63%6b%6f%29%20%43%68%72%6f%6d%65%2f%38%33%2e%30%2e%34%31%30%33%2e%36%31%20%53%61%66%61%72%69%2f%35%33%37%2e%33%36%0d%0a%41%63%63%65%70%74%3a%20%74%65%78%74%2f%68%74%6d%6c%2c%61%70%70%6c%69%63%61%74%69%6f%6e%2f%78%68%74%6d%6c%2b%78%6d%6c%2c%61%70%70%6c%69%63%61%74%69%6f%6e%2f%78%6d%6c%3b%71%3d%30%2e%39%2c%69%6d%61%67%65%2f%77%65%62%70%2c%69%6d%61%67%65%2f%61%70%6e%67%2c%2a%2f%2a%3b%71%3d%30%2e%38%2c%61%70%70%6c%69%63%61%74%69%6f%6e%2f%73%69%67%6e%65%64%2d%65%78%63%68%61%6e%67%65%3b%76%3d%62%33%3b%71%3d%30%2e%39%0d%0a%41%63%63%65%70%74%2d%45%6e%63%6f%64%69%6e%67%3a%20%67%7a%69%70%2c%20%64%65%66%6c%61%74%65%0d%0a%41%63%63%65%70%74%2d%4c%61%6e%67%75%61%67%65%3a%20%7a%68%2d%43%4e%2c%7a%68%3b%71%3d%30%2e%39%2c%65%6e%2d%55%53%3b%71%3d%30%2e%38%2c%65%6e%3b%71%3d%30%2e%37%0d%0a%43%6f%6e%6e%65%63%74%69%6f%6e%3a%20%63%6c%6f%73%65%0d%0a%0d%0a
    1

    test

    curl gopher://127.0.0.1:2222/_%47%45%54%20%2f%3f%74%65%73%74%3d%31%32%33%20%48%54%54%50%2f%31%2e%31%0d%0a%48%6f%73%74%3a%20%31%32%37%2e%30%2e%30%2e%31%3a%32%32%32%32%0d%0a%50%72%61%67%6d%61%3a%20%6e%6f%2d%63%61%63%68%65%0d%0a%43%61%63%68%65%2d%43%6f%6e%74%72%6f%6c%3a%20%6e%6f%2d%63%61%63%68%65%0d%0a%44%4e%54%3a%20%31%0d%0a%55%70%67%72%61%64%65%2d%49%6e%73%65%63%75%72%65%2d%52%65%71%75%65%73%74%73%3a%20%31%0d%0a%55%73%65%72%2d%41%67%65%6e%74%3a%20%4d%6f%7a%69%6c%6c%61%2f%35%2e%30%20%28%57%69%6e%64%6f%77%73%20%4e%54%20%31%30%2e%30%3b%20%57%69%6e%36%34%3b%20%78%36%34%29%20%41%70%70%6c%65%57%65%62%4b%69%74%2f%35%33%37%2e%33%36%20%28%4b%48%54%4d%4c%2c%20%6c%69%6b%65%20%47%65%63%6b%6f%29%20%43%68%72%6f%6d%65%2f%38%33%2e%30%2e%34%31%30%33%2e%36%31%20%53%61%66%61%72%69%2f%35%33%37%2e%33%36%0d%0a%41%63%63%65%70%74%3a%20%74%65%78%74%2f%68%74%6d%6c%2c%61%70%70%6c%69%63%61%74%69%6f%6e%2f%78%68%74%6d%6c%2b%78%6d%6c%2c%61%70%70%6c%69%63%61%74%69%6f%6e%2f%78%6d%6c%3b%71%3d%30%2e%39%2c%69%6d%61%67%65%2f%77%65%62%70%2c%69%6d%61%67%65%2f%61%70%6e%67%2c%2a%2f%2a%3b%71%3d%30%2e%38%2c%61%70%70%6c%69%63%61%74%69%6f%6e%2f%73%69%67%6e%65%64%2d%65%78%63%68%61%6e%67%65%3b%76%3d%62%33%3b%71%3d%30%2e%39%0d%0a%41%63%63%65%70%74%2d%45%6e%63%6f%64%69%6e%67%3a%20%67%7a%69%70%2c%20%64%65%66%6c%61%74%65%0d%0a%41%63%63%65%70%74%2d%4c%61%6e%67%75%61%67%65%3a%20%7a%68%2d%43%4e%2c%7a%68%3b%71%3d%30%2e%39%2c%65%6e%2d%55%53%3b%71%3d%30%2e%38%2c%65%6e%3b%71%3d%30%2e%37%0d%0a%43%6f%6e%6e%65%63%74%69%6f%6e%3a%20%63%6c%6f%73%65%0d%0a%0d%0a

->
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Host: 127.0.0.1:2222
Date: Tue, 26 May 2020 03:53:05 GMT
Connection: close
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.3.15-3
Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

123
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11

  • 默认端口:70

# 编码脚本

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-

import getopt
import sys
import re

def togopher():
    try:
        opts,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hf:s:", ["help", "file=", "stream="])
    except:
        print """
        Usage: python togopher.py -f <filename>
               python togopher.py -s <Byte stream>
               python togopher.py -h
        """
        sys.exit()
    
    if len(opts) == 0:
        print "Usage: python togopher.py -h"

    for opt,value in opts:
        if opt in ("-h", "--help"):
            print """
            Usage: 
            -h     --help     帮助
            -f     --file     数据包文件名
            -s     --stream   从流量包中得到的字节流
            """
            sys.exit()
        if opt in ("-f", "--file"):
            if not value:
                print "Usage: -f <filename>"
                sys.exit()
            words = ""
            with open(value, "r") as f:
                for i in f.readlines():
                    for j in i:
                        if re.findall(r'\n', j):
                            words += "%0d%0a"
                        else:
                            temp = str(hex(ord(j)))
                            if len(temp) == 3:
                                words += "%0" + temp[2]
                            else:
                                words += "%" + temp[2:]
            print words

        if opt in ("-s", "--stream"):
            if not value:
                print "Usage: -s <Bytg stream>"
                sys.exit()
            a = [value[i:i+2] for i in xrange(0, len(value), 2)]
            words = "%" + "%".join(a)
            print words

if __name__ == "__main__":
    togopher()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

# 参考资料

对万金油gopher协议的理解与应用

https://k-ring.github.io/2019/05/31/%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%87%E9%87%91%E6%B2%B9gopher%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8/

# RESP协议

redis采取基于TCP的RESP协议进行通信

用SET命令来举例说明RESP协议的格式。

redis> SET mykey "Hello World"
"OK"
1
2

实际发送的请求数据：

*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n$5\r\nmykey\r\n$5\r\nHello\r\n
实际收到的响应数据：

+OK\r\n
1
2
3
4

# PHP FastCGI

编辑 (opens new window)
上次更新: 2021/05/12, 11:27:47
PHP积累
class

← class→

最近更新
01
QWB CTF2022 线下赛总决赛部分题解
08-25
02
CISCN2022 总决赛部分题解
08-25
03
DSCTF2022决赛 部分writeup
08-08
更多文章>
Theme by Vdoing | Copyright © 2019-2022 EkiXu | Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.